J-10/10A Vigorous Dragon/Firebird
- Last Updated 4/1/23
A PLAAF J-10S (K/JJ10S) advanced trainer was landing (S: tandem), powered by a domestic WS-10B engine. This version features a stretched forward fuselage and a bubble canopy which can be opened as a single piece. Consequently an excellent 360° panoramic view in the rear cockpit has been achieved. The cockpit is also NVG compatible. Its dorsal spine appears to have been enlarged to accommodate electronics displaced by the rear cockpit. In addition to being a trainer for J-10 pilots, J-10S was speculated to be converted into an attack aircraft or EW/Wild Weasel aircraft, but this never materialized. First Flight of 01 prototype took place on December 26, 2003. Two prototypes (01/1021 & 03/1023) were built flying various tests. J-10S passed the state certification in late 2005 and has entered service with PLAAF. In addition, the PLAAF August 1st Aerobatic Demonstration Team has been flying J-10SY since mid-2010. They were upgraded with new IFF antennas in 2022. Since late 2010 a total of 8 J-10SHes were in service with PLAN (S/N 83x4x) along with J-10AHs. Some J-10Ses have been upgraded with a new dorsal UHF/VHF antenna as well as VLOC antennas on top of the vertical fin. Currently J-10S is also responsible for training J-10B/C pilots. A recent image (April 2021) indicated that some J-10Ses have been transferred to the PLAAF flight academy (S/N 2x2x, 2x4x). A recent image (June 2021) indicated that some J-10Ses have been upgraded with new IFF antennas (on top of the vertical fin and underneath the rear fuselage) similar to the ones onboard J-10C. A recent image (October 2022) suggested that some J-10S's AL-31FN engines are being replaced by the indigenous WS-10B (04 batch/J-10SG?). A recent image (December 2022) suggested that the naval J-10SHes started to wear low visibility insignias, regiment emblems and code numbers. It was rumored in February 2023 that all J-10SHes were transferred to PLAAF.
- Last Updated 9/7/24
- Last Updated 11/20/22
A pair of PLAAF J-11As (K/JJ11A?) were taking off which proudly display their Mighty Lion brigade badges painted below the cockpit and on the vertical fin. A total three batches of Su-27s were imported. The first batch of 26 (20 SK & 6 UBK, S: serial, K: commercial, $32m each) were acquired starting 1992. The second batch of 24 (16 Su-27SK and 8 Su-27UBK) were acquired starting 1996. The third batch of 28 Su-27UBKs ($35m each) were acquired starting 2000 to speed up the training of qualified pilots. This heavy air-superiority fighter, combined with up to 10 AA-10 (R-27T1/R1, IR/SAR homing to 30/35km), AA-11 (R-73, IR homing to 15km) AAMs, NSts-27 HMS and Gardeniya wingtip ECM pods (later by domestic KL609A), gave PLAAF for the first time a truly offensive capability both in long-range BVR attack and short-range dog fight. Its N001 radar can track ten and engage one target at a time. The third batch UBKs are believed to have the improved N001VE radar installed which is able to engage two targets simultaneously using R-27 and the R-77 active radar homing AAM. Chinese Su-27/J-11s were also seen participating in attacking ground targets using unguided rockets and free-fall bombs. In a shocking accident, 5 Su-27s were seriously damaged during a typhoon in 1998. A few more are believed to have been lost during the years of service. They were first replaced by the imported Su-27s from Russia then later by locally assembled J-11s from Shenyang. More significantly, a $1.2 billion contract to license-build 200 Su-27s (under the designation of J-11 domestic use only, no exports) at Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC) was reached in late 1995 and finalized at the end of 1996. Nevertheless this co-production plan inevitably cost much of then limited resource available to PLAAF and to Chinese aviation industry, thus may have made some negative impact on other indigenous fighter projects, such as J-10. The first two J-11s rolled out in December 1998 using the kit supplied by KnAAPO but were reported to have suffered QC problems. An annual production rate between 15 and 20 was achieved by 2003. A total of 95 kits were delivered from KnAAPO by summer 2004. The use of domestically made parts will begin after the first 60 are assembled using Russian kits and eventually 60-70% of the parts will be manufactured in China (excluding AL-31F engine, which was denied by Russia for the license). J-11 was later upgraded with Russian assistance which features two color MFDs in the cockpit replacing the old monochrome radar scope. One normally serves as a digital moving map display (coupled with GPS). The aircraft can fire R-27RE1 SARH AAM with an extended range of 66km. It can also fire the actively guided R-77, suggesting an improved fire-control system. This may have been the result of assistance from Ukraine or Belarus. This variant (dubbed J-11A?) first flew in December 1999. All J-11s were believed to have been upgraded to the J-11A standard. The first phase production concluded by the end of 2006 after a total of 105 J-11s were produced in 4 batches. The production was switched to J-11B in the subsequent phase (see below). Most Su-27SK series has been replaced by either J-11B or J-16. Since November 2014 some (S/N 66x6x, 61x5x, 65x1x, 65x2x) have been upgraded with two UV band MAWS sensors behind the cockpit plus two on the vertical fins to provide coverage for both forward and rear hemispheres. The MAWS sensor was further upgraded by summer 2022. A recent image (July 2021) indicated that some J-11As have been upgraded with new IFF antennas underneath the nose and on top of the tail sting. It also has a Beidou antenna installed on the back.- Last Updated 8/3/22
A PLAAF J-11BG was approaching the airfield carrying a PL-8 training round underneath its wingtip. This aircraft demonstrates Chinese effort to integrate their own weapon systems into a classic Russian design in order to further boost its combat capability and survivability. J-11B (K/JJ11B?) features a Chinese multifunction PD radar (Type 1493? search >150km, track 6-8, engage 4 simultaneously) and ARINC429 data bus compatible with PL-8, PL-12, and the newest PL-15 AAM (after fire-control system upgrade), a Chinese made IRST/LR, as well as a redesigned glass cockpit featuring 5 MFDs and a new wide-angle holographic HUD (WTK-1?). A new Chinese ECM system was installed internally thus the wingtip ECM pods are no longer needed. The aircraft also has two UV band missile approach warning system (MAWS) sensors installed on both sides of the tail sting to provide coverage for the rear hemisphere. Its weight has been reduced by 700kg by using composite materials at various places. The Russian AL-31F engine was replaced by the indigenous WS-10D. One WS-10D (Taihang 12.5t?) turbofan was tested on a CFTE J-11WS engine testbed in June 2002. The first J-11B prototype powered by WS-10D flew in December 2003. Four prototypes were tested at CFTE (#523-526), each has different configurations to test individual subsystems in order to speed up the development. At least one prototype (#524) was involved in the takeoff experiments from a land-based ski-jump for the J-15 carrier-borne fighter project (see below). The first batch of J-11B entered the service with PLAAF 1st Brigade (S/N 61x2x) in late 2007. However the initial batch of J-11Bs powered by the indigenous WS-10D turbofans were quickly grounded due to the poor quality of the engine. They were forced to be powered by Russian AL-31F turbofans until WS-10D's reliability problem was solved. By the end of 2009 it appeared that the engine quality problem was solved and the aircraft (02 and later batches) started to fly with WS-10D installed. The latest batches may have been fitted with further improved WS-10D turbofans with a higher thrust (13.2t?) and FADEC. More J-11Bs are in the service with PLAAF (S/N 70x0x, 72x2x, 78x6x, 63x0x, 65x2x, 78x2x, 78x8x, 72x0x) powered by WS-10D engines including the 01 batch which was retrofitted with WS-10D again. In spring 2010 PLAN started to receive land-based J-11Bs (as J-11BH?), wearing a light gray camouflage. A tandem seat trainer version was also developed for PLAAF (J-11BS) as well as PLAN (J-11BSH?). It was reported in June 2016 that some J-11Bs have been upgraded with an indigenous datalink similar to American Link-16. An image released in November 2017 indicated that J-11B started to carry the KL700B pod to further enhance its ECM capability. A larger type of ECM pod (KZ900?) was seen being carried in December 2019. It was first unveiled in November 2019 that the J-11B fleet is being upgraded (J-11BG? S/N 61x2x, 63x0x, 70x0x) based on the experience of J-11D. The upgrade may include an advanced integrated avionics suite featuring an AESA radar (or improved PD?) inside a light gray color radome which enables the aircraft to launch PL-10/PL-15 AAMs. Some are also fitted with the new WS-10D 03 series turbofan engines (08 batch?). In May 2022 one J-11B radar testbed was seen featuring a bigger radome (housing a large AESA radar?) and without the windshield IRST. The same upgrade is also expected to be applied to the newly produced batches. A recent image (February 2020) indicated that J-11B/BS have been flying long-range escort missions with H-6K over the West Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Another image (February 2021) indicated that the naval J-11B/BS started to wear two-digit low-visibility code numbers (S/N H10810xx, H10820xx, H10830xx, H10840xx), insignias plus the "China Navy" characters. A recent video (March 2022) indicated that some naval J-11Bs have been upgraded to the BG standard (J-11BHG?), carrying PL-10 AAMs. Some J-11BHGs were deployed to Woody Island in the South China Sea facing Vietnam and Philippines.
- Last Updated 1/7/24
A J-15 was approaching the runway during a training mission. J-15 (H/JJ15?) is the first generation of Chinese carrier-borne fighter aircraft developed by both 601 Institute and SAC for PLAN's first generation STOBAR aircraft carriers including Liaoning and Shandong. In order to save time and cut cost, the aircraft was developed based on Russian Su-33 in terms of structural configuration and flight control system as well as domestic J-11B (see above) in terms of radar and weapon systems. Similar to Su-33, J-15 features enlarged folding wings/horizontal stabilizers, strengthened landing gears with twin nose wheels, an arresting hook, a pair of small canard foreplanes to improve its low speed handling and shortened tail cone to avoid tail-strike during high AoA landing. Composite materials are used in certain areas such as vertical fins to reduce weight. Some key shipborne aircraft technologies such as landing/navigational systems are believed to have been obtained from Russia and Ukraine. The aircraft also features a retractable IFR probe on the port side and can carry a Russian UPAZ-1A buddy refueling pod under the centerline station. This enables J-15 to take off with a full weapon load and fly a long-range attack/interception mission via inflight refueling from another dedicated J-15 tanker. One Su-33 prototype (T-10K-3) was acquired from Ukraine around 2001 and has been studied extensively. Some components onboard J-15 are based on those of J-11B, such as the glass cockpit with 7 LCDs and MAWS sensors on the tail sting. In addition it appears to have a new indigenous IRST/LR installed. Its fire-control radar is thought to be based on the Type 1493 PD radar with enhanced air-to-sea capability. It can also carry a variety of Chinese designed precision weapons, including PL-8, PL-12 AAMs, YJ-83K AShM, KD-88/KD-88A ASM and YJ-91 ARM as well as a new type of ECM pod. Overall J-15 is believed to be in the same class of American F/A-18C, thus more advanced and versatile than Su-33. Some specifications of J-15 (estimated): length 22.28m, wingspan 15m, height 5.92m, max speed Mach 2.4, range 3,500km, ceiling 20,000m, max TO weight 32.5t. The first prototype (#551, dubbed J-11C?) was assembled at SAC in 2008. Its maiden flight took place on August 31, 2009, powered by two Russian AL-31F turbofan engines. The first takeoff from a land based simulated ski-jump occurred on May 6, 2010 at CFTE. Additional J-15 prototypes (#554 & 557) were seen wearing a light naval blue color scheme and powered by two WS-10H engines. However the WS-10H onboard #554 were later replaced by the more reliable AL-31F turbofan. At least 7 prototypes (S/N 551-557, 00 batch) went through various tests on the simulated flight decks on land, mostly powered by Russian AL-31F turbofans. It started to practice touch-and-go landings on the deck of Liaoning during her sea trials in summer 2012. On November 23, 2012 J-15 prototypes #552 and 553 landed and took off officially for the first time on Liaoning, marking a concrete step for both J-15 and the aircraft carrier to achieve full operation status. J-15 prototypes were seen conducting taking off and landing tests onboard Liaoning carrying various air-to-air and air-to-surface weapons in September 2013. The 01 batch J-15s (S/N 100-109) started to be handed over to PLAN Carrier Fighter Group in late 2013, carrying a 3-digit serial number and powered by AL-31F engines. They have been stationed onboard Liaoning since late 2014. Up to 24 J-15s can be stationed onboard Liaoning. The 02 batch (S/N 110-123) J-15s delivered to PLAN first appeared in October 2015. A twin-seat trainer version (dubbed J-15S) was developed too. Its prototype first took off from SAC airfield on November 3, 2012. J-15S
could be powered by WS-10H engines (14t class?) and features a modified canopy for a better forward view from the back seat. The twin-seater could evolve into a
dedicated EW aircraft (as J-15D see below) in the same class of American EA-18G based on similar technology onboard J-16D. One J-15S prototype (#561) was evaluated at CFTE in 2015, wearing a standard "Flying Shark" naval blue color scheme. It was rumored in April 2017 that the production of J-15 stopped after 2 batches of 24 units for the Type 001 aircraft carrier. A recent video (May 2018) indicated that J-15 has practiced taking off and landing at night in an effort to achieve full operational capability. A video shown in December 2018 suggested that at least one J-15S (prototype?) was evaluated by PLAN. Another recent video (July 2020) indicated that J-15 performed inflight refueling for the first time at night. A recent image (February 2020) suggested that SAC started to built the 03 batch for the the indigenous Type 002 aircraft carrier. Another image (September 2020) suggested that the 03 batch has entered the service with PLAN (S/N H17410xx, H11011xx, 3x, 6x, 7x). However externally the 03/04 batches appear the same as the first two batches. In addition three of the 00 batch prototypes also entered the service (S/N H17410xx, 36-38). A recent video (May 2021) indicated that some J-15s have been deployed to the Lingshui Airbase in support of the 2nd aircraft carrier Shandong currently stationed in Hainan Island. A recent image (August 2021) indicated that the 04 batch has entered the service with PLAN (S/N H11021xx, H11031xx, 7x, 8x, 9x). A recent image (July 2022) suggested that the 01 batch of J-15S has entered the service with the Naval Aviation University (S/N H17410xx, 39, 4x, 5x). It was rumored that J-15S was evaluated onboard an aircraft carrier but this has yet to be confirmed. A recent image (September 2022) indicated that some J-15s started to wear low visibility two-digit code numbers and insignias on their vertical tails. A recent video (August 2023) indicated that J-15 performed inflight refueling for the first time with a YY-20A tanker. Recent images (July 2023) suggested that three overhauled/refurbished prototypes (36/ex-551, 37/ex-554 and 38/ex-555) entered the service with PLAN. A recent video (March 2024) suggested that J-15 may start to carry a large EO guided glide bomb (?) underneath the centerline station. J-15 is anticipated to be displayed publicly at the 2024 Zhuhai Airshow. J-15 is expected to be replaced by the new J-15T (see below).
This EW variant of J-15S (J-15DH, H: ski) was developed based on the experience of J-16D. The first prototype of J-15DH was rumored to have flown on October 25, 2016 and a prototype in full standard flew in early 2018. The aircraft carries two large wingtip ESM/ELINT pods similar to those onboard J-16D, with the windshield IRST/LR removed as well. Additional conformal antenna fairings have been identified throughout the aircraft. A new blade antenna was installed outside the engine air intake. The aircraft is also likely to feature an AESA radar. The pilot in the rear cockpit acts as the weapon/EW system officer. J-15DH was expected to carry large ECM pods similar to the RKZ-930 series onboard J-16D (two under the wings and one underneath the fuselage) plus two YJ-91 ARMs under the wings. J-15DH was anticipated to be stationed onboard the STOBAR carriers Liaoning and Shandong. One J-15DH prototype was seen being evaluated by the PLAN Carrier Fighter Group in December 2019. The latest video (October 2024) suggested that several 01 batch J-15DHs are currently in service onboard both Liaoning and Shandong, wearing a two-digit code number (S/N H11041xx). The aircraft could have boosted the electronic warfare capability of the CVBG. J-15DH was officially unveiled at the 2024 Zhuhai Airshow, carrying four large ECM pods. A CATOBAR variant (J-15DT?) is believed to be under development for the new Type 003 aircraft carrier Fujian.
- Last Updated 11/7/24
This EW variant of J-15S (J-15DH, H: ski) was developed based on the experience of J-16D. The first prototype of J-15DH was rumored to have flown on October 25, 2016 and a prototype in full standard flew in early 2018. The aircraft carries two large wingtip ESM/ELINT pods similar to those onboard J-16D, with the windshield IRST/LR removed as well. Additional conformal antenna fairings have been identified throughout the aircraft. A new blade antenna was installed outside the engine air intake. The aircraft is also likely to feature an AESA radar. The pilot in the rear cockpit acts as the weapon/EW system officer. J-15DH was expected to carry large ECM pods similar to the RKZ-930 series onboard J-16D (two under the wings and one underneath the fuselage) plus two YJ-91 ARMs under the wings. J-15DH was anticipated to be stationed onboard the STOBAR carriers Liaoning and Shandong. One J-15DH prototype was seen being evaluated by the PLAN Carrier Fighter Group in December 2019. The latest video (October 2024) suggested that several 01 batch J-15DHs are currently in service onboard both Liaoning and Shandong, wearing a two-digit code number (S/N H11041xx). The aircraft could have boosted the electronic warfare capability of the CVBG. J-15DH was officially unveiled at the 2024 Zhuhai Airshow, carrying four large ECM pods. A CATOBAR variant (J-15DT?) is believed to be under development for the new Type 003 aircraft carrier Fujian.- Last Updated 12/18/24
It was first rumored in October 2014 that a CATOBAR variant (J-15T) was being co-developed by the 601 Institute and CSIC 704 Institute. This variant features a further strengthened nose landing gear in order to withstand the high-g force during the catapult launch. The first prototype of J-15T (#571, 00 batch?) flew for the first time in July 2016, powered by two indigenous WS-10H engines. The nose landing gear appears to have a much longer and wider drag strut. It was rumored in November 2016 that a J-15T took off successfully for the first time from a ground-based electromagnetic catapult (EMALS). An image released in February 2021 suggested that a much improved J-15T (01 batch?) was in initial production at SAC featuring a new narrow frame wide-angle holographic HUD and a pair of handholds attached to the canopy for catapult launch. The aircraft also features a new AESA radar developed by the 607 Institute and carry the latest PL-10/PL-15 AAMs. Consequently the old PF8 wingtip missile launch rails (for PL-8B) have been replaced by PF10AZ missile launch rails (for PL-10). New types of long-range AShMs are also expected to be carried. In addition, the aircraft features a J-11D style nose cone without the pitot tube, new EL formation light strips on vertical fins and next to the IFR probe, a dorsal SATCOM/datalink antenna, and mostly powered by AL-31F engines. J-15T can also serve as a tanker by carrying an indigenous buddy refueling pod underneath the fuselage. At least 4 prototypes (#1511/581?, 1513, 1516, 1518) have been conducting test flights at CFTE and at the PLAN Carrier Aviation Test & Training Base. At least one prototype (#1518) was seen powered by WS-10H engines. J-15T is expected to be stationed onboard the new Type 003 aircraft carrier Fujian which was launched in June 2022, and eventually followed by the next generation stealth fighter J-35 which is still under development. A tandem seat trainer version (J-15TS?) is also expected to follow in the future. In addition, a recent video (September 2024) suggested that one J-15T prototype landed and then took off from Liaoning. Therefore it could also be stationed onboard the STOBAR carriers Liaoning and Shandong, replacing J-15. The latest video (October 2024) confirmed that the 02 batch J-15T is in service onboard both Liaoning and Shandong, carrying a two-digit code number (S/N H11041xx, H11042xx). The aircraft could have boosted the air defense capability of the CVBG. J-15T was officially unveiled at the 2024 Zhuhai Airshow.
It was first rumored in October 2014 that a CATOBAR variant (J-15T) was being co-developed by the 601 Institute and CSIC 704 Institute. This variant features a further strengthened nose landing gear in order to withstand the high-g force during the catapult launch. The first prototype of J-15T (#571, 00 batch?) flew for the first time in July 2016, powered by two indigenous WS-10H engines. The nose landing gear appears to have a much longer and wider drag strut. It was rumored in November 2016 that a J-15T took off successfully for the first time from a ground-based electromagnetic catapult (EMALS). An image released in February 2021 suggested that a much improved J-15T (01 batch?) was in initial production at SAC featuring a new narrow frame wide-angle holographic HUD and a pair of handholds attached to the canopy for catapult launch. The aircraft also features a new AESA radar developed by the 607 Institute and carry the latest PL-10/PL-15 AAMs. Consequently the old PF8 wingtip missile launch rails (for PL-8B) have been replaced by PF10AZ missile launch rails (for PL-10). New types of long-range AShMs are also expected to be carried. In addition, the aircraft features a J-11D style nose cone without the pitot tube, new EL formation light strips on vertical fins and next to the IFR probe, a dorsal SATCOM/datalink antenna, and mostly powered by AL-31F engines. J-15T can also serve as a tanker by carrying an indigenous buddy refueling pod underneath the fuselage. At least 4 prototypes (#1511/581?, 1513, 1516, 1518) have been conducting test flights at CFTE and at the PLAN Carrier Aviation Test & Training Base. At least one prototype (#1518) was seen powered by WS-10H engines. J-15T is expected to be stationed onboard the new Type 003 aircraft carrier Fujian which was launched in June 2022, and eventually followed by the next generation stealth fighter J-35 which is still under development. A tandem seat trainer version (J-15TS?) is also expected to follow in the future. In addition, a recent video (September 2024) suggested that one J-15T prototype landed and then took off from Liaoning. Therefore it could also be stationed onboard the STOBAR carriers Liaoning and Shandong, replacing J-15. The latest video (October 2024) confirmed that the 02 batch J-15T is in service onboard both Liaoning and Shandong, carrying a two-digit code number (S/N H11041xx, H11042xx). The aircraft could have boosted the air defense capability of the CVBG. J-15T was officially unveiled at the 2024 Zhuhai Airshow.
- Last Updated 12/24/24
First revealed in 1995 as the successor of the cancelled Sino-US Super-7 project, FC-1 (Fighter China-1, max TO weight 12,700kg, max speed M 1.8, service ceiling 16,920m, max external load 3,600kg, ferry range 3,480km, combat radius 1,352km, max g load +8.5) was developed by CAC/611 Institute (with some technical assistance from Russian Mikoyan OKB) as a "medium tech", light weight fighter/ground attack aircraft carrying a relatively cheap price tag (~$20m). As a fighter designed for export, its main customer was expected to be Pakistan who also shares 50% of the total cost (around $150m). It may also compete with second-hand F-16s to seize the market created by the retirement of Mig-21s, Mirage III and F-5s. Currently powered by a Russian RD-93 turbofan (upgraded RD-33, rated 8,795kg with A/B), it could also be powered by a locally produced WS-13 Taishan once the engine is ready. The A-6 style "V" shaped air-intakes are believed to provide smooth air flow to the engine at high AoA. The fire control radar is thought to be a Chinese KLJ-7V2 X-band multi-functional PD radar (track 10 and engage 2 simultaneously, look-up range 110km for RCS=3m2). A Chinese AESA radar might be installed in later batches. Other electronics include an NVG compatible glass cockpit (EFIS) with three 8"x6" color MFDs, HOTAS, AIFF, 1553B databus and INS/GPS. Weapon load includes both short (PL-5EII) and medium-range AAMs (SD-10A). LGBs (GBU-12), GPS/INS guided glide bombs (MK8x-REK), anti-radiation missiles (Brazilian MAR-1) and an IRST/laser designation pod (Turkish ASELPOD) can also be carried for ground attack missions. Up to 2 C-802AK AShMs can be carried for anti-ship missions. For high value fixed targets, up to 2 CM-400AKG standoff supersonic ASMs or Ra'ad ALCMs can be carried. For self-protection purpose a KG600 ECM pod can be carried underneath centerline pylon. The development schedule of FC-1 was repeatedly delayed caused by various problems, such as lack of funding, the reluctance of western countries to supply advanced avionics, as well as the revised specifications set by PAF to counter the threat from India's LCAs. These specifications included a true BVR attack capability with active radar guided medium-range AAMs (SD-10A). However, FC-1's prospect in the domestic market had diminished, as PLAAF had committed to the more advanced J-10 as its new generation fighter along with J-11 and was reluctant to acquire any FC-1s due to its less advanced design and a Russian engine. After lengthy negotiations, Pakistani government finally signed the contract with CATIC and CAC/611 in 1999 and gave the "go ahead" order to the much delayed project. The development was further accelerated after PAF recommitted the project and confirmed FC-1's technical specifications in detail in February 2001. A full-scale mock-up was quickly constructed. A total of 6 prototypes (01-06) were built at CAC. The 01 prototype rolled down the assembly line on May 31, 2003 with two small wing fences. Its maiden flight took place on August 25, 2003. The 03 prototype first flew on April 9, 2004 without the two small wing fences. The 04 prototype was expected to fly by the end of 2005 with full suite of avionics but this was delayed until April 2006 due to several structural modifications. They include new diverterless supersonic inlets (DSI/Bump) similar to those of American F-35 to reduce weight and achieve better performance. A large rectangular-shaped fairing is installed on top of the vertical fin which may house ECM equipment. Its flight control includes a Type 634 quadruplex digital FBW in pitch axis and a duplex analog FBW in roll axis. A UV band MAWS has been installed at the root of the vertical fin to provide rear hemisphere coverage. Two enlarged F/A-18 style LERX are thought to offer higher AOA as well. The first flight of 04 prototype took place on April 28, 2006, and 06 prototype on September 10, 2006. The first two pre-production JF-17s (PAF designation Joint Fighter-17 Block I, 00 batch/07-101 & 102) were delivered to Pakistan on March 2, 2007, with the nose-tip pitot tube removed. The 01 batch of 6 JF-17s (08-103 -- 08-108) were delivered between March and April 2008. The contract for PAF to acquire another 42 JF-17s assembled by PAC was singed on March 7, 2009. The first two (09-109 & 110) were built by CAC. The first JF-17 (09-111) in the batch of 4 assembled by PAC rolled out on November 23, 2009. The production of the 50 Block I concluded by the end of 2013 with another 50 Block II following in 2014. Besides Pakistan, several Asian, African and South America countries also expressed interest in FC-1/JF-17, including Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Azerbaijan, Myanmar, Argentina, Nigeria, Malaysia and Iran. FC-1 passed design appraisal in December 2009. The first taxiing test of FC-1 powered by an indigenous WS-13 took place on March 18, 2010, but the results were unsatisfactory. A further upgraded variant (JF-17 Block II/JF-17A?) featuring a detachable IFR probe on the starboard side of the cockpit, similar to that of J-10, improved avionics (including secure datalink with ZDK-03) and enhanced precision-guided weapon capability has been developed. The aircraft may also fly ESM/ECM missions with a new EW pod. An LED probe light was installed on top of the right engine intake behind the IFR probe to illuminate both the probe and the drogue from the tanker during night operations. The aircraft is to be supported by PAF Il-78MP tanker. The IFR test was believed to have started in 2017. All Block IIs starting from 16-229 and on will have the IFR probe and probe light installed. The Block II variant is expected to be upgraded to the Block III standard in the future (see below). A tandem-seat trainer version (JF-17B) has been under development since 2013 (see below). The assembling of the first three JF-17 Block IIs (S/N 15-2xx) started at PAC in mid-2014. First flight of 15-201 took place on February 9, 2015. A total of 50 were built by the end of 2017, 12 more by 2019. It was reported in June 2015 that JF-17 secured its first export contract from an Asian customer which turned out to be Myanmar. The $560m contract could involve an initial batch of 16 aircraft. A recent image (July 2016) suggested that the 04 prototype has been wearing a new blue color scheme based upon customer's requirements. The first JF-17M (Block II standard) had its maiden flight at CAC on June 13, 2017, featuring a blue/gray camouflage and a color LED landing light on the front landing gear similar to that onboard JF-17B. However the aircraft appears to lack the IFR capability. A recent image (October 2018) indicated that the first batch of 5 JF-17Ms (S/N 1701-1705) were delivered to Myanmar Air Force, which has become the second customer of the aircraft. It was reported in September 2016 that Nigerian AF decided to acquire 3 JF-17Ns. All three (720, 721, 722) were delivered in early 2021. They were inducted into NAF on May 20, 2021. JF-17Ns have been seen carrying ASELPOD designation pod and Al-Battar/GBU-12 500lb LGBs for ground attack missions.
- Last Updated 4/30/23
This tandem-seat trainer version was developed at the request of Pakistani AF, which also pre-ordered the first prototype. JF-17B is believed to have been based on the JF-17 Block II configuration with a IFR probe and an LED probe light installed on the starboard side of the forward fuselage. The aircraft features an enlarged and raised spine which creates additional space for flight instruments and fuel in order to compensate the space occupied by the rear cockpit. The aircraft also features a more swept vertical fin in order to reduce drag and to maintain the center of gravity. A new color LED landing light was installed above the front landing gear. A more powerful cockpit environmental control system has been installed as well to accommodate two pilots. More composite materials have been used in order to reduce the weight and to strengthen the structure. JF-17B is reportedly controlled by a new 3-axis digital FBW system replacing the old analog system. The aircraft is equipped with the same KLJ-7 PD fire-control radar and retain the same BVR as well as precision air-to-ground strike capabilities (including CS/BBF1 FAE) as JF-17 Block II. As the result JF-17B represents a very attractive option to foreign customers with limited budget and resources. Its length is 14.5m, height is 4.6m, TO weight is 9.4t, max external load is 4.6t. A model of the aircraft was first unveiled at the 2013 Paris Airshow by CATIC. The development started officially in 2014. The 01 prototype of JF-17B was constructed in December 2016 and conducted its first taxiing test on April 21, 2017. The JF-17B BC0001 prototype conducted its maiden flight on April 27, 2017. The JF-17B 02 prototype flew for the first time on December 7, 2017. Later the 01 prototype (17-601) conducted test flights at PAC with the pitot tube removed from the nose. The 03 prototype (19-603) conducted its maiden flight on August 3rd, 2018. 26 were reportedly ordered by PAF. The first batch of 8 JF-17Bs (including prototypes) were ready for delivery at PAC in late 2019. The production of last 14 JF-17Bs were completed by December 2020 and all aircraft are in service with PAF. Inflight refueling was practiced with Il-78M tanker. One PAF JF-17B crashed in August 2021. A recent image (March 2019) indicated that first customer of JF-17B was actually the Myanmar Air Force. So far two JF-17Bs (S/N 1706 & 1707) were delivered to MAF.
This tandem-seat trainer version was developed at the request of Pakistani AF, which also pre-ordered the first prototype. JF-17B is believed to have been based on the JF-17 Block II configuration with a IFR probe and an LED probe light installed on the starboard side of the forward fuselage. The aircraft features an enlarged and raised spine which creates additional space for flight instruments and fuel in order to compensate the space occupied by the rear cockpit. The aircraft also features a more swept vertical fin in order to reduce drag and to maintain the center of gravity. A new color LED landing light was installed above the front landing gear. A more powerful cockpit environmental control system has been installed as well to accommodate two pilots. More composite materials have been used in order to reduce the weight and to strengthen the structure. JF-17B is reportedly controlled by a new 3-axis digital FBW system replacing the old analog system. The aircraft is equipped with the same KLJ-7 PD fire-control radar and retain the same BVR as well as precision air-to-ground strike capabilities (including CS/BBF1 FAE) as JF-17 Block II. As the result JF-17B represents a very attractive option to foreign customers with limited budget and resources. Its length is 14.5m, height is 4.6m, TO weight is 9.4t, max external load is 4.6t. A model of the aircraft was first unveiled at the 2013 Paris Airshow by CATIC. The development started officially in 2014. The 01 prototype of JF-17B was constructed in December 2016 and conducted its first taxiing test on April 21, 2017. The JF-17B BC0001 prototype conducted its maiden flight on April 27, 2017. The JF-17B 02 prototype flew for the first time on December 7, 2017. Later the 01 prototype (17-601) conducted test flights at PAC with the pitot tube removed from the nose. The 03 prototype (19-603) conducted its maiden flight on August 3rd, 2018. 26 were reportedly ordered by PAF. The first batch of 8 JF-17Bs (including prototypes) were ready for delivery at PAC in late 2019. The production of last 14 JF-17Bs were completed by December 2020 and all aircraft are in service with PAF. Inflight refueling was practiced with Il-78M tanker. One PAF JF-17B crashed in August 2021. A recent image (March 2019) indicated that first customer of JF-17B was actually the Myanmar Air Force. So far two JF-17Bs (S/N 1706 & 1707) were delivered to MAF.
- Last Updated 4/23/24
A PAF JF-17C Block III was landing at the CAC airfield, carrying two PL-10E IIR guided AAMs at the wingtips. As the latest variant of JF-17, Block III represents PAF's ambition to counter the threat from IAF's Su-30MKI. The aircraft is expected to feature a more powerful engine, a new AESA radar developed by NETRI/14th Institute (KLJ-7A, range 170km, track 15, engage 4) or by the 607 Institute (LKF601E, air cooled), HMDS, upgraded EW suite, new datalink, full authority digital FBW and a variety of air-to-air and air-to-ground guided weapons including PL-5E IR guided or PL-10E IIR guided AAM, SD-10A or PL-15E active radar homing AAM (using twin launch rails), 500/1000lb REK GPS/INS glide bombs, CM-400AKG ASM. An additional hard point is installed underneath the right engine air intake for KG600 ECM or ASELPOD targeting pod. The maiden flight of the #3000 prototype took place on December 15, 2019. Images of the flight indicated the JF-17C prototype features a J-20 style narrow frame wide-angle holographic HUD (EHUD-2?), a slightly enlarged spine, and new forward IIR MAWS sensors (RKW2200E?) behind the engine air intakes. The rear MAWS sensors were relocated to the EW compartment on top of the vertical fin as well. Otherwise the overall aerodynamic configuration remains the unchanged and the aircraft is still powered by the original RD-93 engine. It was reported in February 2020 that the KLJ-7A AESA radar has been chosen by PAF. PAC formally launched the production work of JF-17C on December 30, 2020. The first batch of 8 was rolled out in January 2022, powered by the original RD-93 engine. A recent report (August 2021) suggested that an indigenous WS-13X engine has been tested successfully onboard a JF-17C prototype, making it more competitive on the international market. A total of 50 JF-17Cs were reportedly ordered by PAF to replace the remaining F-7PGs. Currently the production continues at PAC. It has been rumored that Iraqi AF and Azerbaijani AF showed some interest. A $1.6b contract was reportedly signed between PAC and Azerbaijani AF in February 2024 including 8 JF-17Cs and 4 JF-17Bs.
A PAF JF-17C Block III was landing at the CAC airfield, carrying two PL-10E IIR guided AAMs at the wingtips. As the latest variant of JF-17, Block III represents PAF's ambition to counter the threat from IAF's Su-30MKI. The aircraft is expected to feature a more powerful engine, a new AESA radar developed by NETRI/14th Institute (KLJ-7A, range 170km, track 15, engage 4) or by the 607 Institute (LKF601E, air cooled), HMDS, upgraded EW suite, new datalink, full authority digital FBW and a variety of air-to-air and air-to-ground guided weapons including PL-5E IR guided or PL-10E IIR guided AAM, SD-10A or PL-15E active radar homing AAM (using twin launch rails), 500/1000lb REK GPS/INS glide bombs, CM-400AKG ASM. An additional hard point is installed underneath the right engine air intake for KG600 ECM or ASELPOD targeting pod. The maiden flight of the #3000 prototype took place on December 15, 2019. Images of the flight indicated the JF-17C prototype features a J-20 style narrow frame wide-angle holographic HUD (EHUD-2?), a slightly enlarged spine, and new forward IIR MAWS sensors (RKW2200E?) behind the engine air intakes. The rear MAWS sensors were relocated to the EW compartment on top of the vertical fin as well. Otherwise the overall aerodynamic configuration remains the unchanged and the aircraft is still powered by the original RD-93 engine. It was reported in February 2020 that the KLJ-7A AESA radar has been chosen by PAF. PAC formally launched the production work of JF-17C on December 30, 2020. The first batch of 8 was rolled out in January 2022, powered by the original RD-93 engine. A recent report (August 2021) suggested that an indigenous WS-13X engine has been tested successfully onboard a JF-17C prototype, making it more competitive on the international market. A total of 50 JF-17Cs were reportedly ordered by PAF to replace the remaining F-7PGs. Currently the production continues at PAC. It has been rumored that Iraqi AF and Azerbaijani AF showed some interest. A $1.6b contract was reportedly signed between PAC and Azerbaijani AF in February 2024 including 8 JF-17Cs and 4 JF-17Bs. 
- Last Updated 9/25/24
One of the PLAAF Su-35Ss was taking off in Russia. It was reported in November 2015 that China finally signed the contract with Russia to acquire 24 Su-35Ss (Su-35SK?) for $2b after years of rumors. It was speculated that Chinese are most interested in the N135 Irbis-E PESA radar, quadruplex digital FBW system, and 117S turbofan engine with TVC nozzle. It was also speculated that the aircraft is being acquired as a stop-gap measure until the indigenous J-11D (see above) enters the service in large numbers. Compared to the Su-35S in service with Russian Air Force, the Chinese Su-35S has the middle navigational antenna removed from the rear edge of its right vertical fin. The aircraft is thought to carry the new L-265M10-2 Khibiny-M ECM pods at wingtips. It can also carry small EO pods under the wing which has been speculated to be the “general purpose” training rounds for various EO guided bombs or air-to-surface missiles. Su-35S has multiple MAWS and LWR installed throughout its forward fuselage. However air-to-air missiles it carries (R-74/R-77-1) are already inferior to the latest Chinese designs (PL-10/PL-15). The delivery of the first 4 took place on December 25, 2016 (4 in 2016, 10 in 2017, 10 in 2018), wearing a Russian style blue/gray camouflage. They were speculated to have first entered the service with the PLAAF 6th Brigade facing the South China Sea (S/N 61x7x). The heavy fighter could provide long-range escort for the H-6K cruise missile carrier patrolling over the West Pacific and over the South China Sea. It was rumored that the second batch of 5 was delivered on June 28, 2017. The third batch of 5 were delivered on December 1, 2017. The Chinese Su-35S was first unveiled to the public on February 7, 2018. A recent news (May 2018) indicated that Su-35S flew the escort mission with H-6K during the patrol circling the Taiwan Island. It was rumored that 5 were delivered on June 29, 2018. News in November 2018 suggested that the last 10 were delivered. The latest image (October 2023) taken by an American P-8A indicated that Su-35S flew interception missions over the South China Sea.
- Last Updated 11/5/23J-15DH
One of the PLAAF Su-35Ss was taking off in Russia. It was reported in November 2015 that China finally signed the contract with Russia to acquire 24 Su-35Ss (Su-35SK?) for $2b after years of rumors. It was speculated that Chinese are most interested in the N135 Irbis-E PESA radar, quadruplex digital FBW system, and 117S turbofan engine with TVC nozzle. It was also speculated that the aircraft is being acquired as a stop-gap measure until the indigenous J-11D (see above) enters the service in large numbers. Compared to the Su-35S in service with Russian Air Force, the Chinese Su-35S has the middle navigational antenna removed from the rear edge of its right vertical fin. The aircraft is thought to carry the new L-265M10-2 Khibiny-M ECM pods at wingtips. It can also carry small EO pods under the wing which has been speculated to be the “general purpose” training rounds for various EO guided bombs or air-to-surface missiles. Su-35S has multiple MAWS and LWR installed throughout its forward fuselage. However air-to-air missiles it carries (R-74/R-77-1) are already inferior to the latest Chinese designs (PL-10/PL-15). The delivery of the first 4 took place on December 25, 2016 (4 in 2016, 10 in 2017, 10 in 2018), wearing a Russian style blue/gray camouflage. They were speculated to have first entered the service with the PLAAF 6th Brigade facing the South China Sea (S/N 61x7x). The heavy fighter could provide long-range escort for the H-6K cruise missile carrier patrolling over the West Pacific and over the South China Sea. It was rumored that the second batch of 5 was delivered on June 28, 2017. The third batch of 5 were delivered on December 1, 2017. The Chinese Su-35S was first unveiled to the public on February 7, 2018. A recent news (May 2018) indicated that Su-35S flew the escort mission with H-6K during the patrol circling the Taiwan Island. It was rumored that 5 were delivered on June 29, 2018. News in November 2018 suggested that the last 10 were delivered. The latest image (October 2023) taken by an American P-8A indicated that Su-35S flew interception missions over the South China Sea.
- Last Updated 11/5/23J-15DH
